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The low FODMAP diet Contents Functional gastrointestinal disorders Mechanistic basis for dietary intervention FODMAPs The FODMAP concept in the management of functional gut symptoms FODMAPs in the diet More than just fructose and fructans Efficacy of the low FODMAP diet Limitations of tables of the FODMAP content of foods The low FODMAP dietary strategy More than just FGID Limitations and potential concerns Conclusions     Functional gastrointestinal disorders Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGID) are very common and present as major challenges for clinicians, particularly as pharmaceutical therapies offer little more than mild palliation in most patients. The symptoms can markedly interfere with quality of life and rank second in the causes of absence from work or school. While the predominant underlying cause of symptoms appears to reside in the enteric nervous system, manifesting as visceral hypersensitivity and/or mot...

iMac Apple refreshed its iMac lineup on March 19, 2019 after a two-year wait, introducing 8th and 9th-generation Coffee Lake processors and upgraded Radeon Pro Vega graphics options for major performance improvements over 2017 models. Apple's tagline for the update, is, in fact "freaking powerful." The 2019 iMac update was a spec refresh only, and there were no design changes or external updates. The 21.5 and 27-inch 4K and 5K iMacs continue to use the same "ultra-thin" slim-bodied design that was first introduced in 2012. There were also no updates to the display, which was refreshed in 2017 with what Apple said at the time was the "Best Mac display ever," offering 500 nits brightness and 10-bit dithering for accurate reproduction of up to a billion colors. Apple's 21.5-inch iMacs have been updated with Intel's 8th-generation chips with up to 6 cores at the high end, while the highest-end 27-inch iMacs feature Intel's 9th-generatio...

The Biology of Sourdough About 34 years ago, Frank Sugihara recalls, he and Leo Kline, a fellow microbiologist, set out to "solve the mystery of San Francisco sourdough." The two scientists were working with baker's yeast in a Bay Area lab run by the U.S. Department of Agriculture, so perhaps it was inevitable they would wind up studying San Francisco's signature bread. This crusty loaf, with its chewy bite and sharp acidulated tang, was a long way from Wonder Bread, and few tourists left the airport without a loaf. Local lore attributed the bread to Basque migrants from the Pyrenees who arrived in San Francisco during the gold rush. Local bakers swore that no one could reproduce it outside a 50-mile radius of the city. When they gave dough to bakeries elsewhere, it inexplicably lost its "sour." But was it — is it — truly unique?   Sugihara laughs. "It's hard to say."   The Ancient Tradition of Sourdough The practice of making sou...

Beginning iOS13 and Swift App Development! Welcome to Beginning iOS13 and Swift App Development! I am Greg and I am so excited that you decided to come along for this. With this book, you will go from absolute beginner to having your app submitted to the App Store and along the way, equip yourself with valuable iOS app development skills. Working Through This Book This book is purposely broken down into nine chapters where the development process of each chapter will center it on different essential iOS topics. The book takes a practical hands-on approach to learning through practice. You learn best when you code along with the examples in the book. Along the way, if you encounter any problems, do drop me a mail at support@i-ducate.com where I will try to answer your query. Get a Mac Before we proceed on, you will need to have a Mac running on at least macOS version of 10.14. Because Xcode 11 and iOS 13 leverages on macOS Catalina (10.15), I highly recommend that you get mac...

Swift on Mac OS 9 It is April 1, and that means it is both April Fools’ Day and the anniversary of the founding of Apple Inc. While this year is a sober one due to current events, I think a lot of people still appreciate what people are creating and sharing to keep spirits up, whether that be music or art or…impractical programming projects. And while pranks on April Fools’ seem less and less fun [1] , obvious jokes and whimsy, not at anyone’s expense, are still something I believe in…and even better if they work. Last year I implemented the world’s best code visualizer. This year I decided to seriously attempt something that I had thought about in the past: getting a Swift program to run on Mac OS 9. Contents What’s a Mac OS 9? What’s the goal? Gathering materials Modern compiler, classic linker Now do Swift A week of mysterious failures “Future directions” Summary       What is a Mac OS 9? Twenty (!) years ago, before the...